802.11a/b/g/n/ac Ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlukaniswa

802.11a/b/g/n/ac Ukuthuthukiswa kanye Nomehluko
Kusukela ekukhishweni kokuqala kwe-Wi Fi kubathengi ngo-1997, izinga le-WiFi belilokhu lishintsha njalo, ngokuvamile likhuphula isivinini kanye nokufakwa okunwetshiwe.Njengoba imisebenzi yengezwe ezingeni lokuqala le-IEEE 802.11, iye yabuyekezwa ngezichibiyelo zayo (802.11b, 802.11g, njll.)

802.11b 2.4GHz
I-802.11b isebenzisa imvamisa engu-2.4 GHz njengezinga lokuqala elingu-802.11.Isekela isivinini sethiyori esiphezulu esingu-11 Mbps nobubanzi obungafika ku-150 feet.Izingxenye ze-802.11b zishibhile, kodwa leli zinga linesivinini esiphezulu nesinensa kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke amazinga angu-802.11.Futhi ngenxa ye-802.11b esebenza ku-2.4 GHz, izinto zikagesi zasekhaya noma amanye amanethiwekhi we-2.4 GHz Wi Fi angabangela ukuphazamiseka.

802.11a 5GHz OFDM
Inguqulo ebuyekeziwe ethi “a” yaleli zinga ikhishwa kanyekanye ne-802.11b.Yethula ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi obubizwa nge-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) bokukhiqiza amasignali angenantambo.I-802.11a ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezithile ngaphezu kuka-802.11b: isebenza kubhendi yefrikhwensi engu-5 GHz egcwele abantu abaningi ngakho ayithinteki kalula.Futhi umkhawulokudonsa wayo uphakeme kakhulu kuno-802.11b, nobuningi bethiyori obungu-54 Mbps.
Kungenzeka awukahlangani namadivayisi amaningi we-802.11a noma amarutha.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amadivayisi angu-802.11b ashibhile futhi aya ngokuya aduma emakethe yabathengi.I-802.11a isetshenziselwa kakhulu izicelo zebhizinisi.

802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM
Izinga le-802.11g lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-OFDM obufanayo no-802.11a.Njengo-802.11a, isekela isilinganiso esiphezulu setiyori esingu-54 Mbps.Kodwa-ke, njenge-802.11b, isebenza kumafrikhwensi angu-2.4 GHz (ngakho-ke inenkinga yokuphazamiseka efanayo njengo-802.11b).I-802.11g ibuyela emuva ihambisana namadivayisi angu-802.11b: Amadivayisi angu-802.11b angaxhumeka kumaphoyinti okufinyelela angu-802.11g (kodwa ngesivinini esingu-802.11b).
Nge-802.11g, abathengi benze inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ngesivinini se-Wi Fi nokufaka.Khonamanjalo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezizukulwane zangaphambili zemikhiqizo, amarutha angenawaya abathengi aba ngcono futhi abangcono, ngamandla aphezulu kanye nokufakwa okungcono.

802.11n (Wi Fi 4) 2.4/5GHz MIMO
Ngezinga le-802.11n, i-Wi Fi isiye yashesha futhi ithembekile.Isekela izinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwethiyori elingu-300 Mbps (kufika ku-450 Mbps uma usebenzisa izinti ezintathu).I-802.11n isebenzisa i-MIMO (Okokufaka Okuningi Okuphumayo Okuningi), lapho izithumeli/abamukeli abaningi basebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ekugcineni kwesixhumanisi esisodwa noma zombili.Lokhu kungakhuphula kakhulu idatha ngaphandle kokudinga umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu noma amandla okudlulisela.I-802.11n ingasebenza kumabhendi efrikhwensi angu-2.4 GHz kanye no-5 GHz.

802.11ac (Wi Fi 5) 5GHz MU-MIMO
I-802.11ac ithuthukisa i-Wi Fi, ngesivinini esisuka ku-433 Mbps ukuya kumagigabhithi ambalwa ngomzuzwana.Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu kusebenza, i-802.11ac isebenza kuphela kubhendi yefrikhwensi engu-5 GHz, isekela imifudlana yendawo eyisishiyagalombili (uma kuqhathaniswa nemifudlana emine engu-802.11n), iphinda kabili ububanzi besiteshi ukuze ibe ngu-80 MHz, futhi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngokuthi i-beamforming.Ngokwenza i-beamforming, izimpondo zingakwazi ukudlulisa amasignali omsakazo, ngakho zikhomba ngqo emishinini ethile.

Enye intuthuko ebalulekile ye-802.11ac i-Multi User (MU-MIMO).Nakuba i-MIMO iqondisa ukusakaza okuningi kuklayenti elilodwa, i-MU-MIMO ingaqondisa ngesikhathi esisodwa ukusakaza kwendawo kumaklayenti amaningi.Nakuba i-MU-MIMO ingakhulisi isivinini sanoma iliphi iklayenti ngalinye, ingathuthukisa lonke ulwazi oluphuma kuyo yonke inethiwekhi.
Njengoba ubona, ukusebenza kwe-WiFi kuyaqhubeka nokuvela, ngezivinini ezingaba khona kanye nokusebenza kusondela izivinini ezinentambo

802.11ax Wi Fi 6
Ngo-2018, i-WiFi Alliance yathatha izinyathelo zokwenza amagama ajwayelekile e-WiFi abelula ukuwabona nokuwaqonda.Bazoshintsha izinga elizayo le-802.11ax libe yi-WiFi6

I-Wi Fi 6, iphi engu-6?
Izinkomba zokusebenza ezimbalwa ze-Wi-Fi zihlanganisa ibanga lokudlulisela, izinga lokudlulisela, umthamo wenethiwekhi, nempilo yebhethri.Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nezikhathi, izidingo zabantu zejubane nomkhawulokudonsa ziya ngokuya ziba phezulu.
Kunochungechunge lwezinkinga ekuxhumekeni kwe-Wi-Fi evamile, njengokuminyana kwenethiwekhi, ukumbozwa okuncane, kanye nesidingo sokuhlala ushintsha ama-SSID.
Kodwa i-Wi Fi 6 izoletha izinguquko ezintsha: ithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla namandla okukhava amadivayisi, isekela ukusebenzisana kwesivinini esiphezulu kwabasebenzisi abaningi, futhi ingabonisa ukusebenza okungcono ezimeni ezijulile zabasebenzisi, kuyilapho iletha amabanga amade okudlulisela kanye namazinga aphezulu okudlulisela.
Sekukonke, uma kuqhathaniswa nabanduleli bayo, inzuzo ye-Wi Fi 6 "iphezulu kabili futhi iphansi kabili":
Isivinini esikhulu: Ngenxa yokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-uplink MU-MIMO, 1024QAM modulation, kanye ne-8 * 8MIMO, isivinini esikhulu se-Wi Fi 6 singafinyelela ku-9.6Gbps, okuthiwa sifana nesivinini sohlangothi.
Ukufinyelela okuphezulu: Ukuthuthukiswa okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-Wi Fi 6 ukunciphisa ukuminyana nokuvumela amadivayisi amaningi ukuthi axhume kunethiwekhi.Okwamanje, i-Wi Fi 5 ingakwazi ukuxhumana namadivayisi amane ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyilapho i-Wi Fi 6 izovumela ukuxhumana nenqwaba yamadivayisi ngesikhathi esisodwa.I-Wi Fi 6 iphinde isebenzisa i-OFDMA (ukufinyelela okuningi kwe-Orthogonal frequency-division) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa amasignali eziteshi eziningi obususelwe ku-5G ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-Spectral namandla enethiwekhi ngokulandelana.
Ukubambezeleka okuphansi: Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-OFDMA kanye ne-SpatialReuse, i-Wi Fi 6 ivumela abasebenzisi abaningi ukuthi bathumele ngokufana phakathi nesikhathi ngasinye, isuse isidingo sokubeka umugqa nokulinda, inciphise ukuncintisana, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle, futhi inciphise ukubambezeleka.Kusukela ku-30ms ku-Wi Fi 5 kuya ku-20ms, ngokunciphisa okumaphakathi kwe-latency okungu-33%.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi: I-TWT, obunye ubuchwepheshe obusha ku-Wi Fi 6, ivumela i-AP ukuthi ixoxisane ngokuxhumana namatheminali, inciphise isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukudluliswa nokusesha amasignali.Lokhu kusho ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri nokuthuthukisa impilo yebhethri, okuholela ekuncipheni okungama-30% kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwetheminali.

Kusukela ngo-2012 |Nikeza amakhompyutha ezimboni enziwe ngezifiso kumakhasimende omhlaba!